| Shape | Irregularly-shared, spineless, upright shrub. | 
				| Landscape | Grow in shrub borders, open woodland areas and near patios. Used as a background plant for native plant gardens as well as informal hedges or screens. | 
				| Propagation | Hardwood cuttings in winter. | 
                            | Cultivation | Best grown in organically rich, fertile, medium moisture, well-drained soil in full sun. Tolerates poor soils and drought. Renewal prune in late winter to early spring each year. | 
                            | Pests | Potential pests include Aphids. Potential diseases include powdery mildews, fungal leaf spots, honey fungus and coral spots. | 
                            | Notable Specimens | The A.M. Cuddy Gardens, Strathroy, Ontario, Canada. | 
				| Habitat | Slopes, rocky bluffs and streambanks. | 
				| Bark/Stem Description | Thornless, loose branches with hairy young shoots. | 
                                                        | Leaf Description | Broadly ovate, curved leaves that grow in groups of three to five. | 
                            | Flower Description | Trumpet-shaped with a strong clove fragrance. | 
                            | Fruit Description | Large, oval-rounded, shiny fruits. Younger branches generally produce the most fruit. | 
 
			| Colour Description | Bright green leaves that turn red and purple in autumn. Bright yellow flowers. Black fruits. |