Woody > Tillia > Tillia × euchlora > Tillia × euchlora
Tillia × euchlora
Caucasian Lime, Crimean Linden, or Caucasian Linden
Origin: Ukraine (Crimea) and Iran. The origin of this hybrid tree was found by German Botanist Karl Koch in 1866 in Crimea, Ukraine. It is thought to be the result of a single clone because the tree is sterile.
Mike's
Opinion
"
The Caucasian Lime, or the Crimean Linden is known for its glossy dark green foliage and droopy fragrant cream yellow flowers. This tree is very tolerant of urban situations and can be easily planted by parks or streets. The Crimean Linden is nick-named the “bee tree” due to its popularity among pollinators. Bees are quite attracted and intoxicated by the rich nectar that the flowers provide.
Michael Pascoe, NDP., ODH., CLT., MSc. (Plant Conservation)
"
| Family |
| Malvaceae (Tiliaceae) |
| Genus |
| Tillia |
| Species |
| × euchlora |
| Category |
| Woody |
| Type |
| Tree (deciduous) |
| USDA Hardiness Zone |
| 3a - 7b |
| Canadian Hardiness Zone |
| 5 |
| RHS Hardiness Zone |
| H6 |
| Temperature (°C) |
| (-23) - (-15) |
| Temperature (°F) |
| -9 |
| Height |
| 12 - 20 m |
| Spread |
| 7 - 9 m |
Photographs
Cultivars
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Description and Growing Information
Flowering Period
| General Description |
| A good shade tree, relatively aphid-free and attracts bees. |
| Landscape |
| A great shade/canopy tree for lawns, parks, streets, planters, restricted urban sites, highways, and residential areas. Good as a large hedge and aerial hedge for privacy. Used for bee pasture and creates strong-flavoured honey called Linden Honey. Foliage used as food for cows and improves milk taste and production. The attractive flowers and glossy leaves are used to make teas, perfumes, and cosmetics. It can also be used as a traditional medicine for digestive problems, the flu, and respiratory inflammation. The Crimean Linden’s bark and branches have been used for traditional crafts like basket weaving and wood carving. |
| Cultivation |
| The condition this tree grows in is moist, fertile, well-drained, slightly acidic to alkaline (5.0 to 8.0 pH) soils. It also likes loam, chalk, sand, and clay soils. It is very tolerant and adaptable of urban conditions. It can be susceptible to bleeding canker, sooty mold, horse chestnut scale, and aphids. The Crimean Linden is more tolerant of aphids than its relative T. cordata. |
| Shape |
| This deciduous tree is an upright pyramidal tree when it is young. When the tree matures it becomes more upright and oval. |
| Growth |
| Medium |
| ID Characteristic |
| Noticeable features of the Tilia x euchlora is the glossy dark green leaves on the upper side and the underside has paler colour and hair. Flowers are creamy yellow and droopy with 3-7 flowers. |
| Pests |
| Pests that may be seen include borers, leaf miners, lace bugs, and caterpillars. Powdery mildew and bleeding canker can occur. This tree has no serious problems with pests and diseases, as the regularity of these pests are unlikely. However, if verticillium wilt occurs it can be deathly, but it doesn’t happen often. Japanese beetles can also prove deadly for the tree. |
| Habitat |
| Hybrid Origin/Horticultural Origin. |
| Bark/Stem Description |
| The bark of this tree is greyish-brown and smooth when it is young. Once the tree matures, the bark is fissured with vertical ridges. The stems are slender and greenish-yellow. |
| Flower/Leaf Bud Description |
| Leaf buds are glabrous and smooth and are orange-red in the winter. Hairless, 0.6 cm with 3 scales. Pointed, ovate and protruding. Flower buds are pendulous clusters. |
| Leaf Description |
| The leaves are dark green and glossy above with a pale underside. The leaves are 5 cm to 9 cm long and 5 cm to 8 cm wide. The leaves are simple, alternate, cordate, with a sharp serrated margin. The leaves are hairless and have tufts under the vein axils; the leaf is heart shaped. The autumn foliage is a bright yellow-green. |
| Flower Description |
| Flowers are 6-10 x 0.9-1.7 cm with a short stalk that is 0.3-1.6 cm long. The flowers are creamy yellow, and form cymes which are up to 7 cm. The tree has 3-7 flowers with pendulous clusters. The floral bracts of this tree are 5-7.5 cm long. The petals of this flower have up to 4-5 petals. Flowers bloom from May to June. Pollinators include butterflies and bees. |
| Fruit Description |
| The fruit of this tree appears in the late summer. The fruit's colour is greyish-brown with hairy pubescent spherical nutlets that are 0.8 cm long and 0.5 cm wide. The seeds are most likely sterile when it comes to this species of Tilia due to its hybridization. Seeds in the fruit have 1-3 loculi, and the rest become flattened against the ovary wall. The fruits, when mature, become ovoid and 0.5 cm. The inside of the fruit is slightly 5-ribbed. |
| Colour Description |
| This tree’s leaves are regularly dark green glossy with a paler underside with hairs on the veins of the leaf. Once autumn comes the foliage of the leaves becomes yellow-green. The bark is grey-brown, but once the tree matures it becomes fissured and has cracks and ridges. The fruit of this tree is greyish-brown and start off spherical when young, but then become ovoid when matured. The bloom of this tree is from May to June, it has 3-7 flowers when the blooming occurs with pendulous clusters. |
| Texture Description |
| The bark of this tree is smooth until it becomes 40 years of age, then it becomes ridged and shallow. The leaves of this tree are coarse and are hairy underneath. The texture does not change according to season. |
| Notable Specimens |
| Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America. This tree is on campus grounds. Nuneham Park, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom. South Park in Ilford, East London, United Kingdom. Sion Abbey, Diepenveen, Overijssel, the Netherlands. |
| Propagation |
| The Crimean Linden is propagated by softwood cuttings and seed. Softening from precipitation and scarification must take place so that the tree can germinate. The natural process can take a few years; however, you can speed it up with a sulfuric acid treatment and do the stratification process. This then speeds up the timeline to three to nine months. So, to begin on propagation, make sure to take your cutting in the late spring or early summer to have new growth. Next, make sure the parent tree of the Caucasian Linden has no nutrient deficiencies or diseases. Then, have a tray with the soil requirements (fertile soil and moist), and include sand and sand soil. When it is morning, trees have the most moisture, so cut the tree at that time with a sanitized pair of shears. Cut a 10 to 15 cm long shoot. It is important to remove the leaves of the cuttings from one-third to one-half and use rooting hormone to treat it. Finally, make sure the buds are upwards when planting and have the cuttings a few centimetres apart to allow full access to sunlight. Make sure to regularly keep medium moist and mist to not overwater. The rooting process takes up to four to eight weeks. |
| Ethnobotanical Uses (Disclaimer) |
| This plant today is used for plantings in parks, streets, ornamental use, and as a shade tree. It is also used for cow food and production of honey. In the past, this tree was used to treat many ailments such as coughs, colds, digestive issues, and respiratory problems. It was also used for teas, perfumes, and cosmetics. This tree also had spiritual significance, as it was believed to have magical properties (treating sickness). This tree is also connected to love, faith, and peace. |
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